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Rulers of the Hawaiian Islands
The rulers of the Hawaiian islands (''noho aliʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina'') are a line of native Hawaiians who were independent rulers of various subdivisions of the land and islands of Hawaii. Their genealogy is traced to Hānalaʻanui and others. The caste system of ancient Hawaiian society was established around 1200 AD and separated the people into 4 distinct ranks that were all below the supreme ruler (''ali‘i nui'') of the island. The ''ali‘i nui'' would distribute the land to the lower ranking chiefs who would run the land and collect offerings and taxes. The ''ali‘i nui'' would also ultimately be responsible for the sacred kapu, a system of rules designed to control social order. The ''noho ali‘i'' were known for their brightly colored and intricately constructed battle regalia of feathered capes and helmets called a mahiole (helmet) and ʻahu ʻula (cloak or cape).
==History==
The history of the ancient Polynesians was passed down through oral genealogy chants that were recited at both formal and family functions. The genealogy of the high chiefs could be traced back to the period believed to be inhabited by gods. The ''pua ali‘i'' were considered to be living gods.
Sometime between 1 and 600AD, the first Polynesians began to settle the islands. By about 1000AD, settlements founded along the perimeters of the islands were beginning to cultivate their own foods in gardens, and within another 500 years would begin to spread inward to the interiors of the islands and religion began to be more emphasized.
A Tahitian priest named Pā‘ao is said to have brought a new order to the islands around 1200CE. The new order included new laws and a new social structure for the islands separating the people into classes. The ''ali‘i nui'' was the king, with his ''‘aha kuhina'' just below them. The ''ali‘i'' were the royal nobles with the ''kahuna'' (high priest) below them, the ''maka‘āinana'' (commoners) next with the ''kauā'' below them as the lowest ranking social caste.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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